A Cbnaat based Study on Rifampicin Resistance in Tuberculosis in East Godavari District

Abstract

Background: Globally 1.2 million Tuberculosis deaths occurred among HIV negative people and an estimated 251000 deaths occurred among HIV positive people in 2018. TB continues to be a public health threat as about half a million news cases were Rifampcin resistant. CBNAAT offer the prospect of very high sensitivity approaching that of liquid culture for TB diagnosis. It also provides information on drug susceptibility to rifampicin, which is a surrogate marker for identification of MDR TB cases. Objectives- 1.To know the magnitude of rifampicin resistance among TB cases. 2. To find out the incidence of TB HIV co-infection. Materials & Method: Monthly Data regarding CBNAAT results during the year 2019 January-December was collected from District Tuberculosis Center (DTC), East Godavari district. Statistical analysis used: Data was entered and analyzed in MS-EXCEL. Results: A total of 20364 cases were screened for tuberculosis using CBNAAT, out of which 9366 patients were PLHIV (people living with HIV/AIDS). Among all the patients who were screened, 1951(9.6%) were positive for mycobacterium tuberculosis. 93(0.45%) cases were resistant to rifampicin. Among the PLHIV patients, 241(2.6%) were positive for tuberculosis. In those PLHIV cases, 20(0.2%) were resistant to rifampicin suggesting that rifampicin resistance was more common in HIV/AIDS. Among previously treated tuberculosis cases prevalence of rifampicin resistance was 5.1% as compared to 1.5% & 1.8% among newly diagnosed cases & non-responders respectively. Conclusion: CBNAAT is an effective tool in the diagnosis of tuberculosis and in identifying drug resistant tuberculosis. In our study drug resistance to rifampicin was more common in PLHIV and also in previously treated tuberculosis patients. By increasing the case detection rate of RR TB and TB-HIV co-infection cases using CBNAAT as the first line of diagnostic procedure we can be able to treat cases effectively in order to achieve the Sustainable Developmental Goal(SDG) of ending TB by 2025 as committed by Government of India