Abstract
BackgroundThe role of occupation in the etiology of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is unclear. Here, we investigated associations between employment in specific occupations and industries and RCC, and its most common histologic subtype, clear cell RCC (ccRCC).MethodsBetween 2002 and 2007, a population-based case–control study of Caucasians and African Americans (1,217 cases; 1,235 controls) was conducted within the Detroit and Chicago metropolitan areas to investigate risk factors for RCC. As part of this study, occupational histories were ascertained through in-person interviews. We computed odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) relating occupation and industry to RCC risk using adjusted unconditional logistic regression models.ResultsEmployment in the agricultural crop production industry for five years or more was associated with RCC (OR = 3.3 [95% CI = 1.0-11.5]) and ccRCC in particular (OR = 6.3 [95% CI = 1.7-23.3], P for trend with duration of employment = 0.0050). Similarly, RCC risk was elevated for employment of five years or longer in non-managerial agricultural and related occupations (ORRCC = 2.1 [95% CI = 1.0-4.5]; ORccRCC = 3.1 [95% CI = 1.4-6.8]). Employment in the dry-cleaning industry was also associated with elevated risk (ORRCC = 2.0 [95% CI = 0.9-4.4], P for trend = 0.093; ORccRCC = 3.0 [95% CI = 1.2-7.4], P for trend = 0.031). Suggestive elevated associations were observed for police/public safety workers, health care workers and technicians, and employment in the electronics, auto repair, and cleaning/janitorial services industries; protective associations were suggested for many white-collar jobs including computer science and administrative occupations as well employment in the business, legislative, and education industries.ConclusionsOur findings provide support for an elevated risk of RCC in the agricultural and dry-cleaning industries and suggest that these associations may be stronger for the ccRCC subtype. Additional studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Highlights
IntroductionWe investigated associations between employment in specific occupations and industries and renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and its most common histologic subtype, clear cell RCC (ccRCC)
The role of occupation in the etiology of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is unclear
There were no occupations or industries for which RCC risk increased significantly as duration of employment increased, a trend of borderline significance was observed for the agricultural crop production industry (Standard Industry Classification (SIC) 01: P for trend = 0.051), with a three-fold elevated risk among
Summary
We investigated associations between employment in specific occupations and industries and RCC, and its most common histologic subtype, clear cell RCC (ccRCC). The most common form, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) of the renal parenchyma, accounts for more than 85% of kidney cancers [3,4]. RCC includes several histologic subtypes, the most common of which is clear cell RCC (ccRCC), making up approximately 70% of cases [5]. These subtypes possess different genetic, clinical, and demographic characteristics [5,6]; differences in etiology have been speculated [7]. Excess body weight and hypertension are well established risk factors that account for nearly half of all RCC diagnoses in the U.S [1,3,4]
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