A case study of pneumonic changes and death in Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus) with respiratory disease in Punjab, Pakistan

Abstract

A nine-year-old Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus) in Bahawalpur Zoo, Punjab, Pakistan, was ill with respiratory disease, so the pathogens involved were studied, and morphological features and propensity for Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) involved were also speculated. Because of demolition, Nilgai is sparsely populated in Pakistan, so studying the cause of its death was essential. The lung samples were collected, and histopathological techniques and bacterium isolation were used to analyse them. Necropsy, i.e., gross and histopathological postmortem exams, were carried out in the laboratory using customary methods under rigorous crafting circumstances. A standard visual and microscopic methodology was used in gross examination, and routine microbiologic tests were run. Specific and compelling infectious agents have been found in Nilgai's lungs, including Pasteurella multocida and Mycoplasma bovis. Pathology and histopathology revealed that Nilgai had extensive ulceration and chronic swelling behind his mandibles, and the post-mortem report verified this. The report revealed that the lungs were grey hepatised. Histological lesions represented acute, severe, haemorrhagic, and chronic bronchopneumonia stages of pneumonia. Lungs with histological lesions were classified as pattern pneumonia. The current study's goals were to report clinical, pathologic, and molecular data and to determine the cause of the respiratory ailment that affected one Nilgai.