A Case Study of Cognitive Radio Networks: Secure Spectrum Management for Positive Train Control Operations

Abstract

Positive Train Control (PTC) is a federally mandated emerging radio-based signaling system designed to provide safe navigation of passenger and freight trains. Achieving the safety objectives of PTC requires dealing with the diversity and variability of train schedules, as well as the complexity of rail track geometries. As a result, PTC implementation demands using variable amounts of the spectrum in a time critical manner. In this book chapter, we present a multi-tiered cognitive radio network architecture currently under development that addresses spectrum allocation for PTC operations, while providing substantial improvements in the security of operations. In addition to efficient spectrum sharing, the architecture includes a built-in capability of detecting spectrum abuse and any potential cyber threats to PTC operations, as well as enhanced security of radio communication between the PTC nodes. The design architecture, message exchange protocols, and partial implementation are explained, and the results of the experiments performed with our cognitive radio architecture are discussed.