Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to engender a more structured debate by all stakeholders with an interest in improved water management through development of either a global agreement or a series of agreements at regional levels. In the past decade various committees of the United Nations including the UN General Assembly and the UN Security Council have ramped-up the discussion on the importance of water to economic development, health and prosperity, human rights and even national and regional security (UNCESCR, 2002; UNGA, 2003; UNGA, 2010). All of this attention has catalyzed new fields of study and a robust international debate as to the responsibilities of “water rich” countries to those countries in less fortunate regions of the world and how to mitigate inevitable water conflicts. And while the U.S. is not classified as a “water poor” country, Canada’s Ambassador to the U.S., Gary Doer, recently noted that the relationship with the U.S. would be increasingly impacted by water. “I think five years from now we will be spending diplomatically a lot of time and a lot of our work dealing with water. There will be pressure on water quality and water quantity”(Note 1). Shortly after these comments, President Obama acknowledged as much in his 28 May 2014 foreign policy speech by noting “…the spirit of cooperation that must energize the global effort to combat”, among other issues, conflicts over “water and food” (Note 2). And if there is some degree of tension between neighbors as close as Canada and the U.S., imagine the tenor of the debate in other regions of the world with shared water resources and in come cases where one country entirely controls the water resources of another. Additionally, the importance of developing more precise goals and targets through the International Hydrological Program (UNESCO-IHP), the World Water Council (WWC), UN Water, the Millennium Development Goals, and the investment strategies of both the private sector and the NGO community cannot be overstated. This paper explores the importance of global water governance and outlines the possibilities of an international freshwater convention, optimistically one with binding responsibilities, leading to better water management.
Highlights
The trajectory of ‘water’ from a resource with many competing sectorial themes to its current position as fundamental to any development or investment discussion, demands a place in the global governance debate to address the increasing complexity of water use world-wide
In the past decade various committees of the United Nations including the UN General Assembly and the UN Security Council have ramped-up the discussion on the importance of water to economic development, health and prosperity, human rights and even national and regional security (UNCESCR, 2002; UNGA, 2003; UNGA, 2010)
This paper explores the importance of global water governance and outlines the possibilities of an international freshwater convention, optimistically one with binding responsibilities, leading to better water management
Summary
They state that early works used ‘global’...to mean ‘widespread.’ What has changed over the years is recognition that “water problems are often caused by mechanisms that can be understood only at a level far beyond that of the river basin...and closely linked to the structure of the global economy.” They argue that water itself has become a globalized resource requiring new terminology, and new mechanisms for interaction and policy making. Who would argue with the history of water quality standards; as we learn more about toxins, our understanding of their impacts becomes more precise Debate surrounding this theme may eventually lead to one or more international water agreements and perhaps legally enforceable goals such as those relating to quality standards, the provision of water by water-rich countries (both real and virtual) with water-poor countries on a concessionary basis or even as part of their official development assistance (ODA) efforts, among many other possibilities. It is clear that there are no easy solutions to this complex issue (Note 3)
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