Abstract
Purpose: Both anti-CD20 antibodies (ibritumomab; ZEVALIN® and tositumomab; BEXXAR®) currently used for radioimmunotherapy of B cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma are murine immunoglobulins. The aim of this feasibility study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of radioimmunotherapy with a human chimeric anti-CD20 antibody labelled with Yttrium-90 (90Y-rituximab) in patients with B cell lymphoma. Methods: Patients with CD20+ B-cell lymphoma in partial remission or with progressive disease after at least one line of therapy were included. 90Y-rituximab was administered according to a similar schedule as currently approved by the European Medicines Agency for the treatment with 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan (ZEVALIN®): a first infusion of rituximab 250 mg/m² is repeated one week later and directly followed by the injection of 90Y-rituximab (14,8 MBq/kg). 18FDG-PET/CT was performed before treatment and repeated 3 months after for response assessment. Results: Twenty-six patients were treated with 90Y-rituximab. Disease histologies included mainly follicular lymphomas (53%). Toxicity was primarily haematological. The incidence of grade 3-4 neutropenia, thrombocytopenia and anemia were 34%, 38%, and 8% respectively, with spontaneous recovery in all but one patient that needed autologous stem cell transplant for refractory thrombocytopenia. Among the relevant long-term side effects, one patient developed secondary myelodysplasia 2 years after the treatment. The overall response rate was 88% (95% CI: 70%-98%), including 65% complete metabolic responses and 23% partial metabolic responses. After a median follow-up of 29.6 months, the Kaplan-Meier estimated median progression-free survival was 9, 1 months (95% CI 6,1-17,9). Median time to next treatment was 24 months (95% CI: 12, 2-28). Conclusion: Radioimmunotherapy with 90Y-rituximab in patients with relapsed CD20+ B-cell lymphomas is safe, well tolerated and effective when the ZEVALIN® treatment schedule is used.
Highlights
The effects of radiation on human tissues are not just local as once believed but they can appear even outside of the irradiated field [1,2,3,4,5]
No authors have published on such phenomena induced by thyroid carcinoma
The bystander effect denotes the transmission of radiation damage from irradiated tumor to adjacent non-irradiated tumor through inter-cellular gap junctions
Summary
The effects of radiation on human tissues are not just local as once believed but they can appear even outside of the irradiated field [1,2,3,4,5]. The irradiated tumor tissue may communicate, in some way, radiation effects to the not irradiated neighboring or distant tumor. The “abscopal effect” [8], on the other hand, refers to the phenomenon of damage communication between irradiated tumor and a distant tumor that has not been irradiated. The first report on abscopal effect dating from 1953 was published by Mole [1]. Thereafter many authors have published observations on in vivo abscopal effects in different tumor types, such as malignant melanoma [2], lymphoma [3], hepatocellular carcinoma [4], and cervical carcinoma [5]. No authors have published on such phenomena induced by thyroid carcinoma This is the first case report on a radiation-induced abscopal effect in a thyroid cancer-patient
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