A Case Report of Disseminated Tuberculosis with Multiple Diagnosis in An Adolescent

Abstract

There are generally 4 different types of tuberculosis which include Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Avian Tuberculosis, Bovine Tuberculosis, and Miliary Tuberculosis. Among these, the severe and rare kind of tuberculosis is Miliary Tuberculosis which is also called Disseminated Tuberculosis which invades the bloodstream and spreads to all the body organs. This type of TB is most commonly seen in immunocompromised patients such as those with HIV infection, smokers, chronic alcoholics, and patients with other comorbidities. The lungs are the primary organs affected by tuberculosis, the infection can spread to other organs via the lymphatic system, a process known as lymphohematogenous dissemination. Lung, liver, spleen, bone marrow, kidney, adrenals, eyes, and thyroid are among these organs. Cough, shortness of breath, fever, abdomen pain, joint problems, pallor, and weight loss are all common symptoms. Complete blood count, chest X-ray, CT scan, Tuberculin skin test (PPD test), Thoracentesis, sputum examinations and cultures, Interferon Gamma Release Assays (IGRAs), Mycobacterial culture, and Polymerase chain reaction are some of the diagnostic procedures available (PCR). Polyserositis is sometimes linked to tuberculosis, a condition in which the pleura, pericardium, and peritoneum are inflamed, resulting in a severe effusion. Symptoms are comparable to those of tuberculosis (TB). Because it's linked to autoimmune illness, malignancies, and sepsis, diagnosing it might be difficult.