A Case Report of Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy following COVID-19 Vaccination

Abstract

Introduction:: Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP) is a peripheral polyneuropathy. Chronic damage to neuronal myelin by the immune system results in inflammation and demyelination of the peripheral nervous system. Several side effects have been reported with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. There are some reports of vaccineinduced- CIDP. In this study, we described the occurrence of CIDP in a patient with a history of receiving the first dose of a COVID-19 vaccine, Sputnik V. Case Report:: We presented a patient receiving the COVID-19 vaccine Sputnik V two weeks before progressive flaccid tetraparesis and dysautonomia. He was first diagnosed with Guillain- Barre Syndrome (GBS). Two episodes of worsening the weakness occurred within 8 weeks from the onset of the disease, and the treatment was repeated as GBS-Treatment-related Fluctuations (TRF) and relapse. Also, a few relapses happened eight weeks after the disease's onset. Hence, he was diagnosed with “acute-onset CIDP”. The patient received several intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) courses as maintenance therapy. No further deterioration was reported during the follow-up. Conclusion:: Post-vaccination GBS is a known phenomenon. However, there are several reports of vaccine-induced-CIDP. This is the first reported case of acute-onset CIDP associated with the Sputnik V vaccine in Iran. Subsequent studies are required to determine the definite relationship between COVID-19 vaccination and CIDP.