Abstract
Cholera is an acute enteric infection caused by the ingestion of bacterium Vibrio cholerae(1). Cholera is transmitted through contaminated food and water. Prevention and preparedness of cholera require a coordinated multi-disciplinary approach. The extremely short incubation period enhances the potentially explosive pattern of outbreaks. Cholera can lead to severe dehydration and death if left untreated. The laboratory testing is required for antimicrobial sensitivity testing and for confirming the end of an outbreak. Provision of safe drinking water, proper sanitation, and food safety are critical for preventing occurrence of cholera. Health education aims at communities adopting preventive behavior for averting contamination. Specific training for all the staffs about proper case management including avoidance of noso-comial infection (like face masks, gloves, antiseptic solution, hand scrubs). Sufficient pre-positioned medical supplies for case management (diarrhoeal disease kits, iv fluids, antibiotics, safety measures). Improved access to water, effective sanitation, proper waste management and vector control. Improved communication and public information. Oral Rehydration Salts can treat 80% of cholera1. Appropriate antibiotics can reduce the duration of purging. With a well and properly managed team of health experts with all essential medicines and a good rapid response team, any outbreak can be prevented, controlled and managed.
Highlights
Cholera is an acute enteric infection caused by the ingestion of bacterium Vibrio cholerae present in fecally contaminated water or food
The outbreak of Acute Diarrheal Disease was informed through EWARS (Early Warning And Reporting Systema unit of RRT, Rapid Response Team) on 16 Baisakh 2071 evening
A team of health experts through EDCD (3 Post Graduate Students of Community Medicine, a senior lab technician) visited the area and collected 8 samples of stools from diarrhoea affected individuals(patients) and 8 samples of water from different water sources collected and brought to NPHL, Teku. and the report from NPHL shown 4 samples of stools contained Vibrio cholerae stain O1, and O139
Summary
Cholera is an acute enteric infection caused by the ingestion of bacterium Vibrio cholerae present in fecally contaminated water or food. It is primarily linked to inefficient access to safe drinking water and proper sanitation. Countries facing complex emergencies are vulnerable to cholera outbreaks. Massive displacement of IDPs or refugees to overcrowded settings, where the provision of potable water and sanitation is challenging, constitutes a risk factor.[2] Cholera is characterized in its most severe form by a sudden onset of acute watery diarrhoea that can lead to death by severe dehydration.[3]. The extremely short incubation period two hours to five days enhances the potentially explosive pattern of outbreaks, as the numbers of cases can rise up very quickly.[4] Cholera is an extremely virulent disease that affects both children and adults.[2] It can kill healthy adults within hours. A cholera epidemic identified at Gaidataar, Chandranigahpur VDC-3 and 4, Rautahat
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