Abstract
Massive and untreated hemoptysis is associated with a ＞50% mortality rate. Since bleeding has a bronchial arterial origin in most patients, bronchial artery embolization (BAE) has become an accepted treatment in massive hemoptysis. The possibility of bleeding from pulmonary artery should be considered in patients in whom the bleeding focus cannot be found by Bronchial angiogram. Indeed, the bleeding occurs from a pulmonary artery in approximately 10% of patients with massive hemoptysis. The most common causes of bleeding from the pulmonary artery are pulmonary artery rupture associated with a Swan-Ganz catheter, infectious diseases and vasculitis. We report a rare case of a fistula between the right upper lobar pulmonary artery and the right upper lobar bronchus in a 71-year-old woman who presented with massive hemoptysis. (Tuberc Respir Dis 2007;63: 430-434)
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