A Case Control Study on Socio-Demographic Profile and Risk Factors Associated with Pregnancy Induced Hypertension at a Tertiary Health Care Centre, Hyderabad

Abstract

Introduction: Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH)is a significant public health threat. It increases the risk of cardiac failure, renal failure and cerebrovascular accidents. Objectives: To study the socio-demographic profile among the study population and to study the factors associated with pregnancy induced hypertension among the study population.Method: A Case control study was done among 100 pregnant women attending the tertiary centre. Cases and controls were selected in the ratio of 1:1 with 50 cases and 50 controls.The study participants were selected randomly and interviewed using a pretested questionnaire. Data was be entered in MS excel and analysis was done using Epi info 7.2.2.16. Results: Out of the total study participants 64% of the cases and 54% of the controls were Hindu by religion. Majority (72%) of the cases and 54% of the controls were multigravida. Majority (36%) of the cases belong to class II socio-economic status and majority of the controls (36%) belong to class III socio-economic status according to modified B.G Prasad classification.Majority(63%) of the subjects were multi-gravida and 71.2% have parity greater than two.LowerSocio-economic status,Physical Inactivity and History of PIH were found to be significant factors for Pregnancy induced hypertension among the cases. Conclusion: Lower socio-economic status, lack of exercise and past history of PIH were found to be significant among the study population.Anemia as a predictor of PIH needs further research as only few studies showed significant association between PIH and anemia. Although association between diet and PIH was present, it was not significant and needs further research.