A Cascaded W-Band Gyro-TWT With the Configuration of Coaxial and Circular Waveguides

Abstract

To realize a high-gain wideband millimeter-wave amplification, we present and simulate a <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\textit{W}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> -band gyrotron traveling wave tube (gyro-TWT) with cascaded coaxial-and circular-waveguide amplifiers. The amplifiers are operated in a coaxial and circular TE <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{\text{01}}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> mode, respectively, and driven by two 60-kV gyrating electron beams with a pitch factor of 1.2 but different beam currents of 1 and 10 A. They are designed to possess relatively low individual gains below all oscillation thresholds to maintain high stability and achieve a high total cascaded gain for the whole gyro-TWT. A coupling circuit is adopted to cascade these two sections, converting the coaxial TE <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{\text{01}}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> mode to the circular one with a <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$-$</tex-math> </inline-formula> 3-dB bandwidth of 6.8 GHz (94.1–100.9 GHz). particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation shows that the designed gyro-TWT can achieve a maximum saturated output power of 239.8 kW at 100 GHz, with a gain greater than 60 dB over a <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$-$</tex-math> </inline-formula> 3-dB bandwidth of 8.0 GHz (94.5–102.5 GHz).