A cascade-type electron extraction design for efficient low-bandgap perovskite solar cells based on a conventional structure with suppressed open-circuit voltage loss

Abstract

A cascade-type and energy-level-aligned electron transport layer of ZnO/SnO2/C60-SAM is beneficial for suppressed charge recombination and improved charge extraction in low-bandgap perovskite solar cells, resulting in a reduced Voc loss.