A Carbon Paste Composite Electrode with Mixture of Zirconium Dioxide and Titanium Dioxide to Detect Heavy Metals Studied by SEM and XPS

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to show that an alternative and novel modified electrode such as the zirconium dioxide with titanium dioxide (ZrO2/TiO2) carbon paste electrode could be utilized in the area of highly toxic metal detection such as the highly toxic metal indium. The challenges of the development of an electrochemical sensor over the last two decades which possess the following qualities such as user friendly, robust, selective, low detection limits and allowing for fast analyses in toxic metal detection are the reasons for this investigation. A carbon modified electrode was developed with zirconium dioxide with titanium dioxide for the determination of indium (III) in the presence of lead (II) by Square Wave Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (SWASV). This novel carbon paste electrode zirconium dioxide with titanium dioxide was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to understand the possible interaction between the determination of the sample and the modified electrode surface.