A carbon cycling model developed for the renewable Energy Danish Island, Samsø

• Improving environmental quality through reducing emissions is the central pillar of climate change mitigation and achieving sustainable development goals. • The empirical findings reveal that economic growth, fossil fuel energy use, urbanization, and tourism cause environmental degradation by increasing CO 2 emissions in Mexico while increased renewable energy use and agricultural productivity help to improve the environmental quality in Mexico by reducing CO 2 emissions. • This study provides recommendations for designing effective policies related to a low-carbon economy, promoting renewable energy use, sustainable urbanization, eco-friendly tourism, and climate-smart agriculture which would ensure environmental sustainability by reducing emissions in Mexico. Global climate change, aggravated by greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, particularly emissions from carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), poses significant threats to the environment, development, and sustainability. Mexico is a prominent tourist country experiencing continuous economic growth, rapid urbanization, and agricultural productivity which is causing higher energy consumption and CO 2 emissions. The current research explores the dynamic effects of economic growth, fossil fuel energy use, renewable energy use, urbanization, tourism, and agricultural productivity on CO 2 emissions in Mexico. Time series data from 1990 to 2019 were analyzed using the Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) method. According to the estimations, a 1% rise in economic growth, fossil fuel energy use, urbanization, and tourism will raise CO 2 emissions by 0.45%, 1.77%, 0.10% and 0.04%. Furthermore, a 1% increase in renewable energy consumption and agricultural productivity may result in reductions in CO 2 emissions of 0.66% and 0.20%. This article put forward policy recommendations in the areas of low-carbon economy, promoting renewable energy use, sustainable urbanization, eco-friendly tourism, and climate-smart agriculture which would ensure environmental sustainability by reducing emissions in Mexico. Graphical Abstract. .

Global climate change, exacerbated by greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, notably carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, provides huge risks to the environment, development, and sustainability. This study empirically investigated the dynamic impacts of economic growth, fossil fuel energy use, renewable energy use, and agricultural productivity on CO2 emissions in Nepal. Time series data from 1990 to 2019 were utilized by applying the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach followed by the Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) method. The ARDL bounds test revealed evidence of cointegration among the variables. The DOLS findings revealed that an increase in economic growth and fossil fuel energy use by 1% for each variable would increase CO2 emissions by 0.61% and 0.67%, respectively. Conversely, a 1% increase in renewable energy use and agricultural productivity may lead to CO2 emissions reduction by 3.65% and 0.41% in the long run. The estimated results are robust to alternative estimators such as fully modified least squares (FMOLS) and canonical cointegrating regression (CCR). In addition, the pairwise Granger causality test was utilized to capture the causal linkage between the variables. This article put forward policy recommendations aimed at sustainable development by establishing strong regulatory policy instruments to reduce environmental degradation.

This study investigates the greenhouse gas (GHG) and renewable energy use reporting practices among thermal power plants (TPPs), waste incinerators (WIs), and hydropower plants (HPPs) in Italy, as reflected in their EMAS environmental statements. The analysis focuses on GHG emissions (Scope 1, 2, and 3) and renewable energy utilization reporting, and on the objectives set by the companies for reducing emissions and fossil fuels use. TPPs and WIs reported positive Scope 1 emissions extensively but reporting on Scope 2 and Scope 3 resulted inconsistent for all facilities. Negative emissions reporting was generally lacking, except for HPPs. Renewable energy use reporting was also limited, especially in TPPs and WIs, despite some facilities producing energy from renewable sources. The study also evaluated the objectives set by the companies on GHG reduction and renewable energy use increase, finding that GHG reduction was prioritized over renewable energy use. However, both were often a secondary goal integrated into planned operational improvements. The findings highlight that, to ensure transparency of sustainability data and the possibility of performances benchmarking in the energy production sector, there is the need for defining stronger reporting guidelines on GHG emissions, especially regarding Scope 3 emissions, and to prioritize increasing the share of renewable energy among strategic objectives. Future research should investigate factors affecting reporting behavior and the barriers to renewable energy adoption in fossil fuel-reliant sectors.

The dynamic nexus between economic growth, renewable energy use, urbanization, industrialization, tourism, agricultural productivity, forest area, and carbon dioxide emissions in the Philippines

RETRACTED: Natural resources environmental quality and economic development: Fresh analysis

Biomass Utilization Post Rio +20

Iran, endowed with abundant renewable and non-renewable energy resources, particularly non-renewable resources, faces challenges such as air pollution, climate change and energy security. As a leading exporter and consumer of fossil fuels, it is also attempting to use renewable energy as part of its energy mix toward energy security and sustainability. Due to its favorable geographic characteristics, Iran has diverse and accessible renewable sources, which provide appropriate substitutes to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. Therefore, this study aims to examine trends in energy demand, policies and development of renewable energies and the causal relationship between renewable and non-renewable energies and economic growth using two methodologies. This study first reviews the current state of energy and energy policies and then employs Granger causality analysis to test the relationships between the variables considered. Results showed that renewable energy technologies currently do not have a significant and adequate role in the energy supply of Iran. To encourage the use of renewable energy, especially in electricity production, fuel diversification policies and development program goals were introduced in the late 2000s and early 2010s. Diversifying energy resources is a key pillar of Iran’s new plan. In addition to solar and hydropower, biomass from the municipal waste from large cities and other agricultural products, including fruits, can be used to generate energy and renewable sources. While present policies indicate the incorporation of sustainable energy sources, further efforts are needed to offset the use of fossil fuels. Moreover, the study predicts that with the production capacity of agricultural products in 2018, approximately 4.8 billion liters of bioethanol can be obtained from crop residues and about 526 thousand tons of biodiesel from oilseeds annually. Granger’s causality analysis also shows that there is a unidirectional causal relationship between economic growth to renewable and non-renewable energy use. Labor force and gross fixed capital formation cause renewable energy consumption, and nonrenewable energy consumption causes renewable energy consumption.

Emissions reduction and increasing environmental quality have become a global concern to ensure sustainable development and mitigate the negative impacts of global warming and climate change. However, there is a scarcity of research exploring the potential of emission reduction components by using econometric approaches. Thus, the present study investigated the role of economic growth, fossil fuel energy use, renewable energy use, technological innovation, agricultural productivity, and forested area to achieve environmental sustainability by reducing carbon dioxide emissions in Indonesia. Time series data from 1990 to 2020 were utilized by applying the Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares method. The empirical findings revealed that a 1% increase in economic growth and fossil fuel energy use will increase carbon dioxide emissions by 0.36% and 0.67% in Indonesia. Conversely, a 1% increase in renewable energy use, technological innovation, agricultural productivity, and the forested area may lead to carbon dioxide emissions reduction by 0.11%, 0.07%, 0.24%, and 2.87%, respectively in the long run. This article put forward policy recommendations in the areas of low-carbon economy, promoting renewable energy use, financing technological innovation, climate-smart agriculture, and sustainable forest management which would ensure environmental sustainability by reducing emissions in Indonesia. • This study investigates the potential of emission reduction components in Indonesia. • Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares method has been applied by using time series data. • The findings shed new light on renewable energy, technological innovation, agriculture, and forests to reduce emissions. • This article provides policy recommendations for sustainable development by reducing emissions.

A statistical study for the impact of REMS and nuclear energy on carbon dioxide emissions reductions in G20 countries

The use of renewable energy in the form of methane via electrolytic hydrogen generation using carbon dioxide as the feedstock

ABSTRACTThis research delves into the complex relationships among carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, resource use, and energy consumption, showing how renewable energy adoption and reliance on fossil fuels shape greenhouse gas emissions. Leveraging panel data from 120 countries over a 10‐year span, the analysis combines econometric approaches, including Weighted Least Squares (WLS), Generalised Linear Models (GLM) and Generalised Additive Models (GAM), with machine learning techniques such as Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) to capture nonlinear dynamics. Robustness checks are conducted using bagging, boosting, and Support Vector Machines (SVM) algorithms. Our analysis reveals strong associations between CO2 emissions and key factors such as fossil fuel energy consumption, methane emissions, and renewable energy use. These results underscore the critical need for a global shift toward renewable energy systems, enhanced resource management, and well‐targeted policy interventions. By employing cutting‐edge methodologies, this study suggests harmonising economic growth with sustainability objectives and advancing climate change mitigation efforts.

The present study examined the dynamic effects of economic growth, renewable energy use, urbanization, industrialization, tourism, agricultural productivity, and forest area in Turkey to accomplish environmental sustainability by lowering carbon dioxide emissions. The Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares method was used to analyze time series data from 1990 to 2020. The results disclosed that a 1% rise in economic growth, urbanization, industrialization, and tourism will raise carbon dioxide emissions by 0.39%, 1.22%, 0.24%, and 0.02% in Turkey, respectively. Furthermore, a 1% increase in renewable energy consumption, agricultural productivity, and forest area might result in reductions in carbon dioxide emissions of 0.43%, 0.12%, and 3.17%, respectively. This article made policy recommendations on low-carbon economies, renewable energy use, sustainable urbanization, green industrialization, eco-friendly tourism, climate-smart agriculture, and sustainable forest management, all of which could help to accomplish environmental sustainability by lowering emissions. Graphical Abstract

Counting carbon costs

Agriculture is critical for meeting the needs of the world’s population, in terms of food production. As a result, it has become a significant contributor to economic growth. According to various studies, agricultural production is one of the most widely recognized sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions globally. This study explores the causal link between aggregate energy consumption resources, trade liberalization, CO2 emissions, and modern agriculture in selected ASEAN nations from 2000 to 2020, through the use of panel FMOLS data from the United Nations Development Program (fully modified ordinary least square). According to scientific research, the value addition of agricultural commodities helps to reduce CO2 emissions in polluted countries such as the United States. In addition, it was revealed that the quantity of CO2 released per unit of energy spent was positively associated with the amount of energy consumed. The reduction of CO2 emissions is possible in nations where environmental pollution is reducing due to trade liberalization. Although fossil fuels have increased CO2 emissions, research has shown that adopting renewable energy can help mitigate environmental damage. Revenues and productivity in agriculture are increased due to climate-smart agricultural-favored institutions, while greenhouse gas emissions are reduced. As an example of renewable energy, new energy resources may contribute to the preservation of a clean and healthy environment. The use of renewable energy in agriculture reduces the dependency on fossil fuels, which is beneficial for farmers. Trade policy, on the other hand, may stimulate the movement of money and technology, in order to specialize in economies of scale and manufacturing. It is imperative that ASEAN countries examine policies that will improve living standards, while also protecting the environment. This includes measures that will stimulate agricultural sector production and create active marketplaces for international trade

Investigating the effect of renewable energy on the drivers of climate change correctly is significant as it is the basic source of climate change mitigation. In the extant literature, its effect on climate change has been estimated predominantly by regressing aggregate rather than sectoral renewable energy use either on aggregate greenhouse gas emissions or the components of greenhouse gases (GHGs) like carbon dioxide emissions. Against this backdrop, the paper investigates if we should estimate the nexus (i) by the causal effects running from aggregate or sectoral renewable energy use to GHG emissions and (ii) by the causal effects running from renewable energy consumption to aggregate GHG emissions or to its components like carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. To this end, the paper introduces negative and positive (functional) complementarity between sectoral renewable energy consumptions in reducing or increasing GHG emissions, takes 20 OECD countries from 1990 to 2019, and uses augmented and non-augmented auto-regressive distributed lag approach and vector error correction mechanism. The study finds substantial differences among the results coming out of (i) regressing aggregate and sectoral renewable energy consumption on GHG emissions and (ii) regressing renewable energy consumption on aggregate GHG emissions and on CO2 emissions. The paper suggests regressing sectoral rather than aggregate renewable energy consumption on the components of aggregate GHG emissions like CO2 emissions rather than on aggregate GHG emissions to produce workable, specific, and conclusive policy alternatives.