A carbazole-based spherical microporous polymer for the solid-phase extraction of chlorophenols from water and honey samples

Abstract

A new carbazole-based spherical microporous polymer (Car-BDA-POP) was fabricated by employing 4,4′-biphenyldicarboxaldehyde (BDA) and carbazole as monomers via a one-step and non-metal catalyst synthetic approach. It was then explored as an adsorbent for solid-phase extraction (SPE) of some chlorophenols (CPs). Under the optimized extraction conditions, the established Car-BDA-POP-based SPE coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography ultraviolet detection showed good linearity in the concentration range of 0.1–200 ng mL−1 for water samples and 5.0–800 ng g−1 for honey samples with the determination coefficients (r2) ≥ 0.9995 for the analytes. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) for the analytes were in the range of 0.03–0.06 ng mL−1 for water samples and 1.50–2.50 ng g−1 for honey samples. The method recoveries varied from 80.0 % to 116 % in spiked real samples, with the relative standard deviations less than 9.6 %. In addition, the possible adsorption mechanism, adsorption kinetics, and adsorption isotherms were also investigated.