A Capacity Building Program to Improve the Self-Efficacy of Key Workers to Support the Well-Being of Parents of a Child With a Disability Accessing an Early Childhood Intervention Service: Protocol for a Stepped-Wedge Design Trial.

Elise Davis,John Reynolds,Cassie Kenyon,Rod Carracher,Jane Tracy,Rachael Mcdonald,Jennifer Morgan,Paul Ireland,Katrina Williams,Dinah Reddihough,Kim-Michelle Gilson,Lisa Gibbs,Rob Carter,Utsana Tonmukayakul,Dana Young

doi:10.2196/12531

Abstract

BackgroundEarly childhood intervention services support children with disabilities or developmental delays from birth to school entry with the aim to achieve optimal outcomes for children and their families. A transdisciplinary approach to delivering early childhood intervention, particularly the key worker model, is considered the best practice, where allied health professionals (eg, speech pathologists, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, psychologists, and special educators) and the family work together as a collaborative team to share information, knowledge, and skills across disciplinary boundaries, with a key worker coordinating and delivering most of the intervention to achieve the goals for the child and their family. Initial qualitative research demonstrated parents want their key worker to also support their mental well-being. Poor mental well-being of parents of a child with a disability is of relevance to key workers because of its association with poor child-related outcomes. One of the major challenges key workers report in supporting families is managing parent distress and, because of lack of confidence, is a secondary negative impact on their own well-being.ObjectiveThis trial has been developed in response to the negative cycle of low professional confidence to support parents’ mental health, increased key worker stress, and high turnover of employees working within a disability service setting.MethodsA stepped-wedge design is used to deliver and evaluate a capacity building intervention program, over a 9-month period, for key workers to improve both parent and staff mental well-being. The primary outcome is key workers’ self-efficacy in supporting parental mental well-being. Secondary outcomes include manager self-efficacy in supporting key workers and staff perceptions of supervisory support, staff job-related mental well-being, parental satisfaction with their key worker, parental mental well-being, and cost-consequence of the program.ResultsThis study was funded in October 2014, supported by an Australian National Health and Medical Research Council Partnership Project grant (Grant number 1076861). Focus groups and individual face-to-face interviews were conducted from February to November 2015 with 40 parents who have a child with a disability and 13 key workers to gain insight into how the disability service could better promote child and family health and well-being and to inform about the development of the trial.ConclusionsThe stepped-wedge study design is practical and ethical for research with a vulnerable population group of parents of a child with a disability, providing high quality data with all participants exposed to the intervention by the end of the trial.Trial RegistrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12617001530314; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=372578 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/76XjDavnG)International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/12531

Highlights

BackgroundIn 2015, 4.3 million Australians were reported as having a disability, including 327,400 children (7.6%) aged 0 to 14 years [1]
Focus groups and individual face-to-face interviews were conducted from February to November 2015 with 40 parents who have a child with a disability and 13 key workers to gain insight into how the disability service could better promote child and family health and well-being and to inform about the development of the trial
A transdisciplinary approach to delivering early childhood intervention, the key worker model, is considered the best practice, where allied health professionals and the family work together as a collaborative team to share information, knowledge, and skills across disciplinary boundaries, with a key worker coordinating and delivering most of the intervention to achieve the goals for the child and their family [3,4,5]

Summary

Introduction

BackgroundIn 2015, 4.3 million Australians were reported as having a disability, including 327,400 children (7.6%) aged 0 to 14 years [1]. Childhood Intervention Services (ECISs) are an Australian government–funded service that supports children with disabilities or developmental delays from birth to school entry and their families [2]. These services aim to provide families with the knowledge, skills, and support to meet the needs of their child and to optimize their child’s development and participation in family and community life. Childhood intervention services support children with disabilities or developmental delays from birth to school entry with the aim to achieve optimal outcomes for children and their families. One of the major challenges key workers report in supporting families is managing parent distress and, because of lack of confidence, is a secondary negative impact on their own well-being.

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion