Abstract
BackgroundMorphological variations of the EHL concern mainly the accessory tendons and the site of their insertion. The aim of our study is to present a new classification of the EHL.MethodsClassical anatomical dissection was performed on 104 lower limbs (51 right, 53 left, fixed in 10% formalin solution).ResultsIn the cadavers, three types of morphology (insertion and addidtional band) were observed. Type I, the most common type, was characterized by a single tendon that ends as an extensor hood on the dorsal aspect of the base of the distal phalanx of the big toe (57.7%). Type II was characterized by two distal tendons and was subdivided into three subtypes according to (A-29.9%, B-4.8% and C-5.7%). Type III was characterised by three distal tendons (two cases - 1.9%).ConclusionThe EHL presents high morphological variability. Knowledge of particular types of insertion is essential for both clinicians and anatomists.
Highlights
Morphological variations of the extensor hallucis longus (EHL) concern mainly the accessory tendons and the site of their insertion
Anatomic studies The EHL was present in all specimens
It was classified into three main types based on variation in the morphology of the tendon and its distal attachment: Type I – a single tendon that ends as an extensor hood inserts on the dorsal aspect of the base of the distal phalanx of the big toe
Summary
Morphological variations of the EHL concern mainly the accessory tendons and the site of their insertion. The muscle belly becomes a long tendon, passes behind the superior and inferior extensor retinaculum, crosses the anterior tibial artery and vein from the lateral to the medial side near the ankle, and inserts on the dorsal aspect of the base of the distal phalanx of the big toe [1]. The EHL is characterized by morphological variability with regard to the number of its additional bands and their insertion [1, 3,4,5,6,7]. One classification has been proposed for these variations [3]; it requires systematization and upgrading to account for the identification of new band types
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