Abstract
This study was to conduct a model based on the broad learning system (BLS) for predicting the 28-day mortality of patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). A total of 1,210 eligible CAP cases from Chifeng Municipal Hospital were finally included in this retrospective case-control study. Random forest (RF) and an eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) models were used to develop the prediction models. The data features extracted from BLS are utilized in RF and XGB models to predict the 28-day mortality of CAP patients, which established two integrated models BLS-RF and BLS-XGB. Our results showed the integrated model BLS-XGB as an efficient broad learning system (BLS) for predicting the death risk of patients, which not only performed better than the two basic models but also performed better than the integrated model BLS-RF and two well-known deep learning systems-deep neural network (DNN) and convolutional neural network (CNN). In conclusion, BLS-XGB may be recommended as an efficient model for predicting the 28-day mortality of CAP patients after hospital admission.
Highlights
Pneumonia is the most common respiratory disease [1]
A total of 1,210 eligible Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) patients were included in this study, with the mean age of 63:58 ± 15:36 years
The area under the curve (AUC) values of the broad learning system (BLS)-Random forest (RF) model for predicting the 28-day mortality of CAP patients were 0.979 and 0.962 in the training and testing sets, respectively
Summary
Pneumonia is the most common respiratory disease [1]. Before the advent of antibiotics, pneumonia was one major killer to the human health [2]. After the initial triage of patients with pneumonia, it is critical for emergency medical staff to assess whether these patients require hospitalization [4]. Unnecessary hospitalizations increase the risk of acquired infections and drain health care resources [5]. Several pneumonia severity scales may be used to assess the severity of a patient’s illness, but these scales are mainly used in the inpatients and are not suitable for emergency patients [6]. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common infectious disease of respiratory system [7]. Accurate disease assessment is of great value for the initial treatment, clinical stability, and long-term prognosis [9]. Biomarkers are immune cells and immune proteins that are significantly increased in the process of microbial immunity and have auxiliary diagnostic value in the evaluation of CAP [10]
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