Abstract
G-protein couple receptors (GPCR) possess diversified functions and they comprise a large protein superfamily in cellular signaling. Numerous identification methods for GPCR have been employed and versatile GPCR types are discussed. Although they share conserved transmembrane structural topology, alignment results of all GPCR show no significant sequence similarities. Each GPCR type distributes diversely in different evolutionary hierarchies of eukaryotes, but it has a distinctive boundary in the era of metazoan. The common ancestor of GPCR metabotropic glutamate receptor includes 7-transmembrane structure and venus flytrap module, which is probably evolved from a compound of bacteriorhodopsin and periplasmic binding protein. Many investigations focus on fine structure shaping and GPCR classification. Here, we briefly discuss evolutionary dynamic mechanism of GPCR from the perspective of classification, diversification and conservation.
Highlights
G-protein couple receptors (GPCR) form the largest superfamily of transmembrane proteins in cell signaling mechanism
The primary function of GPCR is signal transduction by sensing molecules from extracellular and mediating intracellular signaling through coupling to specific G proteins [2]
Some statistical and machine learning approaches have been developed for GPCR prediction, such as HMM [15,16,17], statistical analysis method [18], covariant discriminant algorithm [19, 20], support vector machine method[21, 22], bagging classification tree [23] and SVM-DWT approach [24]
Summary
G-protein couple receptors (GPCR) form the largest superfamily of transmembrane proteins in cell signaling mechanism. They vary dramatically in sequence alignment but share an identical structural topology [1]. The primary function of GPCR is signal transduction by sensing molecules from extracellular (e.g. hormones and neurotransmitters) and mediating intracellular signaling through coupling to specific G proteins [2]. They are essential targets for nearly 50% of all currently used therapeutic drugs [3]. We share a specific evolutionary view of GPCR on their classification, diversification and conservation
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