Abstract
Modern chromatography is mostly used for analytical purposes. Modern pharmaceutical and biological analysis uses HPLC. It separates molecules from heterogeneous liquids and characterizes them. Mass spectrometry identifies peptides, proteins, and other compounds after high-performance liquid chromatography. HPLC's flexibility and dependability (pressure-driven liquid support) make it popular. However, fast separation often creates high operating pressure, which stresses HPLC equipment. Thus, core-shell silica microspheres and zirconia packing have been produced recently. Fused-core or superficially porous microspheres have solid cores with porous shells. Despite its low pressure, this device can separate small, large, and intricate molecules. It is effective and fast. UPLC offers greater resolution, sensitivity, and separation times than HPLC; however, it may be less reproducible. Rapid Resolution Liquid Chromatography (RRLC) is more precise and sensitive than HPLC, improving sample analysis quality and quantity. This review will highlight column technology basics and RP-HPLC advances and focuses on the concept of HPLC.
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