Abstract
The education landscape in Pakistan is diverse, with various institutions offering formal education to its people. However, the quality of education varies based on factors such as syllabus and the medium of instruction, including English and Urdu. Despite ongoing efforts to enhance the system, significant challenges persist within the education sector, spanning issues of access, quality, infrastructure, and inequality of opportunity. Concerns include limited access to education, substandard quality of education, and inadequate infrastructure across primary, secondary, and tertiary levels. Notably, there are substantial numbers of out-of-school children, particularly girls, and a noticeable skills gap among graduates. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated these issues, exposing weaknesses in implementing remote learning due to infrastructure constraints. To tackle these challenges effectively, the government must increase budgetary allocations, revamp the curriculum to meet market demands, improve teacher training programs, and invest in infrastructure upgrades. Embracing public-private partnerships and integrating formal and non-formal education methods are also essential components for comprehensive reforms within Pakistan's education sector.
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