Abstract
Background: Learning and memory, unquestionably, is critical for many aspects of life, including acquisition and retention of educational material. The purpose of this brief narrative review is to provide a primer on empirical-based, learning and memory techniques. Methods: A narrative review approach is employed. Results: This review is structured by first discussing contextual factors that influence learning and memory; followed by addressing different levels of learning processing; and lastly, we highlight several specific techniques to help facilitate learning and memory retention (addressed for both lower and higher levels of cognitive processing). Conclusion: Investigation of the efficacy for such consciously employed, effortful techniques to translate from laboratory environments to practical settings is important for educational achievement, maintenance of cognition throughout older adulthood, and personal and professional development in larger social systems.
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