A brief overview of carotenoids and their applications

Abstract

Carotenoids are naturally occurring pigments found abundantly across various fruits, vegetables, and other foods that are plant-based. They impart variety of colors to the microorganism, fruits, vegetables with their striking red, orange, and yellow colors. Beyond contributing to the aesthetic appeal of these foods, carotenoids make a significant impact on human health. They are known for their antioxidant properties, offering protection against oxidative stress and damage caused by potentially harmful free radicals. Antioxidant property of carotenoids is due to presence of conjugated double bonds (CDB) that are present in their chemical structure.By reducing oxidative stress, carotenoids help protect the body against various chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, and cancers. They are also well known for their pro-vitamin A activity, immune system modulation, and ability to scavenge free radicals while protecting against UV radiation. Because humans are not able to synthesize carotenoids, they must be obtained through diet or supplementation. Carotenoids’ anti-cancerous/cancer preventative action is the main factor contributing to their pharmacological significances.Carotenoids also known for bacterial pathogenicity by acting as virulence factors.Carotenoids are also known to impart color hence beneficial for the food and beverage industries, textile industries etc.They are being used more frequently as substitutes for artificial colorants and additives as growing consumer interest in sustainable and natural products. Thus, the primary focus of this review is on the fundamental knowledge of carotenoids and its numerous applications in industries and human health.