Abstract
Ti-based metallic glasses (MGs) possess high specific strength, low elastic modulus, high elasticity, high wear and corrosion resistance, and excellent biocompatibility, which make them highly attractive as lightweight high-strength materials as well as biomaterials. However, the glass forming ability (GFA) of Ti-based MGs, particularly those bearing no toxic, noble, or heavy metals, that is, Be, Pd, or Cu alike, largely sets back their wide applications for the restricted critical glass forming size of these Ti-based MGs. In this review, the outlines in developing Ti-based MGs are delineated in order to provide an overall view on the efforts ever made to fabricate bulk size Ti-based MGs. The state of the art in the knowledge on the GFA of Ti-based MGs is briefly introduced, and possible directions for fabricating bulk size toxic and noble element free Ti-based MGs are discussed.
Highlights
The disordered atomic packing in metallic glasses (MGs) makes them drastically different from conventional crystalline alloys and exhibit novel physical, chemical, and mechanical properties (Wang et al, 2004; Wang, 2009; Zhang et al, 2019)
Electronic configurations in TiCu, TiCuAl, and TiCuSi MGs (Tanaka et al, 1988) were studied by Tanaka et al, and the results suggested that the chemical affinity of elements Si and Al for late and early transition metals is highly relevant to the glass forming ability (GFA) of these MGs
On the development paths of Ti-based MGs, it is seen that the basic method for the design of MG forming compositions mainly includes the following 3 steps: i) according to the 3 empirical rules of Inoue, usually 3 main composing elements are chosen by their atomic sizes and the mixing heat between them; ii) the eutectic compositions are usually taken as guides for the base composition; and iii) the addition of minor alloying elements chosen by Inoue’s rules or substituting the main elements with similar elements by the confusion principle was performed to optimize the GFA of the base composition with trial and error.”
Summary
Reviewed by: Pan Gong, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China Haizheng Tao, Wuhan University of Technology, China. Specialty section: This article was submitted to Ceramics and Glass, a section of the journal. The glass forming ability (GFA) of Ti-based MGs, those bearing no toxic, noble, or heavy metals, that is, Be, Pd, or Cu alike, largely sets back their wide applications for the restricted critical glass forming size of these Ti-based MGs. In this review, the outlines in developing Ti-based MGs are delineated in order to provide an overall view on the efforts ever made to fabricate bulk size Ti-based MGs. The state of the art in the knowledge on the GFA of Ti-based MGs is briefly introduced, and possible directions for fabricating bulk size toxic and noble element free Ti-based MGs are discussed
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