Abstract
Today’s world needs highly efficient systems that can fulfill the growing demand for energy. One of the promising solutions is the fuel cell. Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is considered by many developed countries as an alternative solution of energy in near future. A lot of efforts have been made during last decade to make it commercial by reducing its cost and increasing its durability. Different materials, designs and fabrication technologies have been developed and tested to make it more cost effective and stable. This article is focused on the advancements made in the field of high temperature SOFC. High temperature SOFC does not need any precious catalyst for its operation, unlike in other types of fuel cell. Different conventional and innovative materials have been discussed along with properties and effects on the performance of SOFC’s components (electrolyte anode, cathode, interconnect and sealing materials). Advancements made in the field of cell and stack design are also explored along with hurdles coming in their fabrication and performance. This article also gives an overview of methods required for the fabrication of different components of SOFC. The flexibility of SOFC in terms fuel has also been discussed. Performance of the SOFC with varying combination of electrolyte, anode, cathode and fuel is also described in this article.
Highlights
Self-sufficiency in energy is the assurance to excel any country’s economy
The cathode reaction electron conducting type materials take of is in practice to increase triplein phase boundaries (TPB)perovskite
An electrolyte is a component in a solid oxide fuel cell used for the ion transportation between electrodes
Summary
Self-sufficiency in energy is the assurance to excel any country’s economy. The demand of energy is growing day by day due to increasing industrialization and population. Fuel cell is an electrochemical device that converts the chemical energy of a fuel (hydrogen, hydrocarbons, ammonia, etc.) and an oxidant (air or oxygen) into electricity very efficiently on many size scales, without combustion and with little or no emission of pollutants They can be highly efficient and carry many diversified advantages associated with mobile and stationary power generation including both large scale centralized power production and distributed generation in individual homes and businesses, etc. The fuel cells with low temperature involve alkaline (neutralizing), direct or indirect alcohol (liquors like methanol, ethanol) and with operating temperature typically below 100 ̋ C are the hydrogen based polymer electrolyte membrane systems Such fuel cells have applications in small moveable power and automobiles and have a good range in their mechanics from even less than a watt to over 100 kW. Reduced cost and bulk production of the SOFC will make it competitive with currently available conventional power technologies [12,18,21,23,24,25,26,27,28,29]
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