Abstract
The essential disadvantages of conventional glucose enzymatic biosensors such as high fabrication cost, poor stability of enzymes, pH value-dependent, and dedicated limitations, have been increasing the attraction of non-enzymatic glucose sensors research. Beneficially, patients with diabetes could use this type of sensor as a fourth-generation of glucose sensors with a very low cost and high performance. We demonstrate the most common acceptable transducer for a non-enzymatic glucose biosensor with a brief description of how it works. The review describes the utilization of graphene and its composites as new materials for high-performance non-enzymatic glucose biosensors. The electrochemical properties of graphene and the electrochemical characterization using the cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique of electrocatalysis electrodes towards glucose oxidation have been summarized. A recent synthesis method of the graphene-based electrodes for non-enzymatic glucose sensors have been introduced along with this study. Finally, the electrochemical properties such as linearity, sensitivity, and the limit of detection (LOD) for each sensor are introduced with a comparison with each other to figure out their strengths and weaknesses.
Highlights
The conventional sensing methods in medicine and life sciences require expensive reagents, high-precision instruments, and quantitative methods to achieve highly sensitive detection
Lyons the first-generation of glucose sensors using an of electrochemical method to and monitor thedeveloped oxygen consumed by the catalyzed enzyme
The high quality reduced graphene oxide is produced by strong microwave short pulses at 1000 W for 1 or 2 s, leading to the reduction of the lattice defectives, besides the microwave-rGO
Summary
The conventional sensing methods in medicine and life sciences require expensive reagents, high-precision instruments, and quantitative methods to achieve highly sensitive detection. Carbon nanomaterials are advantageous because they enhance interfacial adsorption biocompatibility, contributing to theand improvement of the analytical performance ofmany such properties, increasethus electrocatalytic activity, promote electron transfer kinetics compared to biosensors. To Ininteract opposition to CNTs, graphene has two main advantages regarding application towards the change of local environment conditions, promoting higher sensitivity than carbon in electrochemical biosensors. In comparison to other carbon nanostructures graphene has the construction of electrochemical biosensors due to its extraordinary characteristics including recently been used in the construction of electrochemical biosensors due to its extraordinary electrochemical reactivity, conductivity, mechanical strength, and low toxicity [5,11,13,14]. (c) carbon nanotube (CNT), (d) carbon nano-onion, (e) nanodiamond, (f) carbon nanohorn
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