Abstract
This paper represents a miniaturized, dual-polarized, multiple input–multiple output (MIMO) wearable antenna. A vertically polarized, leaf-shaped antenna and a horizontally polarized, tree-shaped antenna are designed, and the performance of each antenna is investigated. After designing the MIMO antenna, it is loaded with stubs, parasitic spiral, and shorting pins to reduce the coupling effects and remove the unwanted resonances. Afterward, the two-port MIMO cells are spaced by 2 mm and rotated by 90° to create three more cells. The antennas are designed using two layers of denim and felt substrates with dielectric constants of 1.2 and 1.8, and thicknesses of 0.5 mm and 0.9 mm, respectively, along with the ShieldIt™ conductive textile. The antenna covers a bandwidth of 4.8–30 GHz when the specific absorption rate (SAR) meets the 1 g and 10 g standards. Isolation greater than 18 dB was obtained and mutual coupling was reduced after integrating shorting pins and spiral parasitic loadings. A maximum radiation efficiency and directive gain of 96% and 5.72 dBi were obtained, respectively, with the relatively small size of 11 × 11 × 1.4 mm3 for the single element and final dimensions of 24 × 24 × 1.4 mm3 for the full assembly. The antenna’s performance was examined for both on-body (breast) and free space conditions using near-field microwave imaging. The achieved results such as high fidelity, low SAR, and accuracy in localization of the tumour indicate that the MIMO antenna is a decent candidate for breast cancer imaging.
Highlights
Introduction published maps and institutional affilA miniaturized multiple input–multiple output (MIMO) antenna working for both WBAN and breast cancer imaging is presented
Shortened GNDs, on the other hand, are often applied in wearable antenna architectures to achieve the optimal ultra-wide bandwidth, but this raises the specific absorption rate (SAR) value, which is unacceptable for wearable antennas
The recommended antenna was created using two layers of felt and denim substrates, with thicknesses of 0.5 mm and 0.9 mm, respectively, and ε r = 1.2 and 1.8, respectively, as well as ShieldItTM, a conductive textile, with a thickness of 0.17 mm. This gave a combined volume of 11 × 11 × 1.4 mm3 for a single two-port MIMO and 24 × 24 × 1.4 mm3 for four elements fabricated from single two-port MIMO antennas
Summary
Sarmad Nozad Mahmood 1, * , Asnor Juraiza Ishak 1, * , Ali Jalal 2 , Tale Saeidi 3 , Suhaidi Shafie 1 , Azura Che Soh 1 , Muhammad Ali Imran 4,5 and Qammer H. Artificial Intelligence Research Centre (AIRC), University of Ajman, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
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