Abstract
BackgroundThe cytotoxicity of the root’s methanol extract of Imperata cylindrica (ICR). was previously reported in a panel of human cancer cell lines, including multi-drug resistant phenotypes. The aim of this study was to assess the acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity of methanol root extract of Imperata cylindrica.MethodsThe acute toxicity was carried out according to the experimental protocol of OECD. The plant extract was administered orally to female rats at a single dose of 5000 mg/kg for 14 days and the animals were observed for any behavioral changes or mortality. For sub-chronic toxicity study, ICR was orally administered daily to male and female rats at different doses (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg per b.w.) for 30 days. During these treatment days the animals were observed for any appearance of toxicity symptoms; following the treatment period, animals were sacrificed for hematological, biochemical and histopathology analysis.ResultsFrom the results of the acute oral toxicity assay, ICR was found to be non-toxic at the dose of 5000 mg/kg b.w. During the period of sub-chronic toxicity test, observation of signs, behavior and health status of the animals showed no abnormality in the groups of animals treated with ICR as compared to the controls. Significant variation of the relative body weights of heart and kidney were observed at dose a 1000 mg/kg b.w. Significant decrease of aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine level, low density lipoprotein concentration, triglyceride and total cholesterol were observed. In males, we noticed a significant decrease of the level of granulocytes with an increase of lymphocytes and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration levels. Histological examinations performed on kidney and liver showed a normal kidney architecture and liver also presented a normal hepatic architecture with slight degeneration at a dose 1000 mg/kg b.w.ConclusionICR is safe for acute oral administration; however, for long-term oral administration, safety measures should be taken. Thus, oral sub-chronic exposure of ICR at lower doses are recommended while higher doses around 1000 mg/kg b.w. should be discouraged.
Highlights
The cytotoxicity of the root’s methanol extract of Imperata cylindrica (ICR). was previously reported in a panel of human cancer cell lines, including multi-drug resistant phenotypes
Assessment of biochemical parameters In this study, we explored the following biochemical parameters: aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), proteins, urea, creatinine, total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride (TG)
Overall after the five (05) weeks of the test, we observed in all groups, an increase of rat body weights with a slight non-significant decrease of body weights both for male and female rats treated with 500 mg/kg b.w. in the last week of the test
Summary
The cytotoxicity of the root’s methanol extract of Imperata cylindrica (ICR). was previously reported in a panel of human cancer cell lines, including multi-drug resistant phenotypes. The cytotoxicity of ICR was previously reported in a panel of human cancer cell lines, including multi-drug resistant phenotypes; the methanol extract of this plant has been shown to induce apoptosis in leukemia CCRF-CEM cells, mediated by the alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential [8]. The methanol extract of the roots has been reported for its fascinating cytotoxic effects towards a panel of human cancer cell lines, including multidrug resistant phenotypes [11]. Many compounds with biological properties had been isolated from the rhizomes of I. cylindrica such as arundoin, cylindrin, fernenol, cylindol, cylindrene, graminones and imperanene [12,13,14] Despite their pharmacological properties, plants can be harmful for human health. The present study was devoted to evaluating the acute and subchronic oral toxicity of the root’s methanol extract of Imperata cylindrica on experimental animals
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