A blocking ELISA for the detection of specific antibodies to bovine ephemeral fever virus

Abstract

A blocking ELISA (B/ELISA) for detecting antibodies to bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) in cattle is described. In this test, the binding capacity of a monoclonal antibody specific for an epitope on antigenic site G1 of the BEF virus glycoprotein is blocked in the presence of positive serum. The sensitivity of the B/ELISA was compared with the virus neutralisation (VN) test using a total of 380 sera from cattle. Of these, 118 were from an area known to be free of bovine ephemeral fever, 181 from naturally and experimentally BEFV-infected cattle, 33 sequential serum samples from a sentinel steer from which Berrimah virus (BERV) had been isolated, 9 from a sentinel cow from which Kimberley virus (KIMV) was isolated and a panel of 39 sera supplied as a blind trial. The B/ELISA results overall compared favourably with those of the VN tests. The monospecificity of the test was demonstrated using hyperimmune mouse ascitic fluid to other BEF serogroup viruses, namely KIM and BER viruses and the results showed no significant cross-reaction. The greater simplicity and sensitivity of the test when compared with the VN test makes it the preferred test for the diagnosis and monitoring of clinical bovine ephemeral fever.