Abstract
Dynamic charging is a promising technology for Electric Vehicles (EVs) since it allows EVs to replenish its energy supply while on the move. The popular technology for such dynamic recharging utilizes magnetic induction by placing a large number of special charging pads on the roads that EVs pass over while traveling. Unlike the traditional stationary systems, dynamic charging introduces several challenges in how to handle billing, conduct EV authentication, and sustain privacy. The main issue is attributed to the high motion speed of EVs which allows a very short contact time between the resource constrained charging pads and the EVs. Therefore, we propose a lightweight and fast authentication protocol for EV-to-charging-pads; the protocol is incorporated in an energy trading scheme for the dynamic charging of EVs that is based on blockchain technology. We utilize Physically Unclonable Function (PUF) in the creation of a charging ticket in order to prevent double-spending of the ticket without incurring additional overhead. Furthermore, we leverage pseudonyms to preserve the privacy of EVs. Our analysis demonstrates that the proposed protocol is secure and allows a charging pad to authenticate EV in less than 13 µsec.
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