Abstract
BackgroundRecent advances in human–machine interface technology have enabled the development of multifunctional, primarily orthopedic myoelectric prostheses. We developed a noninvasive blinking periorbital prosthesis that can synchronize with blinking of the intact eyelid by using surface electromyographic signals of the orbicularis oculi muscle.MethodsMyoelectric potentials of the orbicularis oculi muscle while blinking were measured with surface electrodes on the eyelid in four healthy adults. Possible cross talk introduced via the electrodes was also measured and assessed to determine whether cross talk would affect surface electromyographic measurements while blinking.ResultsThe amplitude of the surface myoelectric potential of the orbicularis oculi muscle was sufficiently high for the practical use of blinking prostheses. Our blinking model was successfully synchronized with blinks of the subjects’ eyelids under experimental conditions without cross talk between the orbicularis oculi muscle and other muscles.ConclusionsAlthough our study revealed several problems, the use of surface electromyographic signals could be a promising and useful technique for synchronizing blinking of the prosthetic eyelid with blinking of the intact eyelid.Level of Evidence: Level V, therapeutic study.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00238-015-1111-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Highlights
Recent advances in human–machine interface technology have enabled the development of multifunctional myoelectric prostheses as reported mainly in the orthopedic field [1–4]
We have been developing a blinking periorbital prosthesis that can be synchronized with blinking of the intact eyelid using electromyographic (EMG) signals detected noninvasively from the skin surface above the orbicularis oculi muscle
We developed a blinking model that can synchronize with blinking of the intact eyelid using surface EMG signals of the orbicularis oculi muscle
Summary
Recent advances in human–machine interface technology have enabled the development of multifunctional myoelectric prostheses as reported mainly in the orthopedic field [1–4]. We have been developing a blinking periorbital prosthesis that can be synchronized with blinking of the intact eyelid using electromyographic (EMG) signals detected noninvasively from the skin surface above the orbicularis oculi muscle. Various human–machine interface technologies exist to detect the patient’s movement intention Such technologies typically use EMG signals, electroencephalographic (EEG) signals through scalp or intracranial electrodes [10, 11], or a combination of these systems [12]. We developed a noninvasive blinking periorbital prosthesis that can synchronize with blinking of the intact eyelid by using surface electromyographic signals of the orbicularis oculi muscle
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