Abstract
Human and animal alcohol-induced hangovers are caused by adverse effects of acetaldehyde formed in vivo by the enzymatic oxidation of ethyl alcohol to acetaldehyde. This study aims to determine the effect of the combination of a bioprocessed black rice bran (BRB-F) and glutathione-enriched yeast extract (GEYE) on hangovers as tested in rats and mice. Because analysis by HPLC showed that the content of the biologically active rice bran compound γ-oryzanol as well as of the antioxidant reduced glutathione were unaffected during the preparation of tablets containing 100 mg/kg of the bran formulation, the tablets were then administered orally to rats. The results showed decreased blood concentrations of both alcohol and acetaldehyde compared to the control group. Additional behavior experiments using the Rota-rod and wire tests in mice confirmed that the food formulation relieved hangover behavior caused by alcohol. It seems that the combination of BRB-F and GEYE can effectively control hangovers in rodents caused by alcohol intake. Mechanistic aspects of the hangover and anti-hangover effects of alcohol-derived acetaldehyde are similar to browning-type reactions between the aldehyde group of glucose and proteins, the antibiotic effects of cinnamaldehyde against pathogenic bacteria, the adverse effects of the heat-induced food toxin acrylamide, and the alkali-induced formation of the unnatural amino acid lysinoalanine.
Highlights
Black rice bran contains biologically active compounds, including phenolics, flavonoids, and anthocyanins with potential health benefits [1]
Intraperitoneal or oral administration of a polysaccharide isolated from Lentinus edodes (Shiitake) mushroom mycelia bioprocessed with black rice bran protected mice against necrosis of the liver caused by pathogenic Salmonella typhimurium bacteria through the activation of a macrophage-mediated immune response resulting from augmented immunity [5]
To confirm the scavenging-like activity of BRB-F and glutathione-enriched yeast extract (GEYE) against alcohol and acetaldehyde, scavenging-like activity was measured using alcohol and acetaldehyde assay kits and methods described in the literature [17] [18] [19]
Summary
Black rice bran contains biologically active compounds, including phenolics, flavonoids, and anthocyanins with potential health benefits [1]. Kim, et al [6] found that the bioprocessed mushroom polysaccharide-black rice bran product protected mice against endotoxemia (sepsis, septic shock), an inflammatory, virulent often lethal human disease, via stimulation of the immune system. Another investigation by Kim, et al [7] reported that the antibiotic mechanism of a bioprocessed shiitake (Lentinus edodes) mushroom mycelia and black rice bran formulation against Salmonella enterica involves the phagocytosis of extracellular bacteria, autophagic capture of intracellular bacteria, and prevention of translocation of bacteria across the intestinal epithelial cells. The tumor regression was associated with increases in cytolytic activity of splenic natural killer cells and inhibition of angiogenesis, suggesting the possible value of the formulation as an anti-cancer functional food
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