Abstract
The significant increase in dengue, Zika, and chikungunya and the resistance of the Aedes aegypti mosquito to major insecticides emphasize the importance of studying alternatives to control this vector. The aim of this study was to develop a controlled-release device containing Piper nigrum extract and to study its larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti. Piper nigrum extract was produced by maceration, standardized in piperine, and incorporated into cotton threads, which were inserted into hydrogel cylinders manufactured by the extrusion of carrageenan and carob. The piperine content of the extract and thread reservoirs was quantified by chromatography. The release profile from the device was assessed in aqueous medium and the larvicidal and residual activities of the standardized extract as well as of the controlled-release device were examined in Aedes aegypti larvae. The standardized extract contained 580mg/g of piperine and an LC50 value of 5.35ppm (24h) and the 3 cm thread reservoirs contained 13.83 ± 1.81mg of piperine. The device showed zero-order release of piperine for 16 days. The P. nigrum extract (25ppm) showed maximum residual larvicidal activity for 10 days, decreasing progressively thereafter. The device had a residual larvicidal activity for up to 37 days. The device provided controlled release of Piper nigrum extract with residual activity for 37 days. The device is easy to manufacture and may represent an effective alternative for the control of Aedes aegypti larvae in small water containers.
Highlights
The significant increase in dengue, Zika, and chikungunya and the resistance of the Aedes aegypti mosquito to major insecticides emphasize the importance of studying alternatives to control this vector
The results indicate that the Piper nigrum extract (PnE) larvicidal activity assigned to piperine at LC50 was 1.6ppm within 48h, i.e., 60% of the value determined for PnE
Several studies have demonstrated that this insecticidal activity is related to the presence of piperine and its derivatives(19) (20) (21) . (22) The development of any device from natural products with a potential insecticidal application, such as P. nigrum, requires a standardized extract of the main active component to be obtained to ensure both effectiveness and safety(30)
Summary
The significant increase in dengue, Zika, and chikungunya and the resistance of the Aedes aegypti mosquito to major insecticides emphasize the importance of studying alternatives to control this vector. The aim of this study was to develop a controlled-release device containing Piper nigrum extract and to study its larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti. Conclusions: The device provided controlled release of Piper nigrum extract with residual activity for 37 days. (24) Polysaccharides are polymers with potential for the development of controlledrelease systems(25) They are abundant, biodegradable natural polymers that can be used to produce micro- or nanocapsules and Custódio KM et al - Piper nigrum device to control Aedes aegypti hydrogels with the aim of reducing pesticide use and toxicity, protecting both the environment and human health(25). (27) The aim of this study was to develop a controlled-release device of biodegradable polysaccharide-based formulation and with a cotton thread containing standardized extract of P. nigrum, to be used in small water storage containers to control the A. aegypti larvae Carrageenan is highlighted for its biodegradability and capability to form hydrogels(26) . (27) The aim of this study was to develop a controlled-release device of biodegradable polysaccharide-based formulation and with a cotton thread containing standardized extract of P. nigrum, to be used in small water storage containers to control the A. aegypti larvae
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