A bi-objective multi-period closed-loop supply chain network under uncertain demand

Abstract

Due to the competitive environment, supply chain management is an important subject in the world of economy. It affects all of the activities including products manufacturing, flow between facilities and costs. In this research, a mixed-integer linear programming model is considered which included supplier, plants, demand markets, collection centres, and disposal centre. The closed-loop supply chain model is bi-objective. So, it is solved by the e-constraint method and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II. In order to improve the meta-heuristic algorithm's efficiency, its parameters are tuned by Taguchi method. Afterward, the different dimensions of the model are considered and the problem is rewritten as a single-objective model and solved by LINGO software and the genetic algorithm using MATLAB software to compare the efficiency of the LINGO and meta-heuristic algorithm. In small-scale problems, solving by LINGO software and in large-scale problems, solving by meta-heuristic algorithms are more efficient.