Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated the existence of optimization criteria in the design and development of mammalians cardiovascular systems. Similarities in mammalian arterial wave reflection suggest there are certain design criteria for the optimization of arterial wave dynamics. Inspired by these natural optimization criteria, we investigated the feasibility of optimizing the aortic waves by modifying wave reflection sites. A hydraulic model that has physical and dynamical properties similar to a human aorta and left ventricle was used for a series of in-vitro experiments. The results indicate that placing an artificial reflection site (a ring) at a specific location along the aorta may create a constructive wave dynamic that could reduce LV pulsatile workload. This simple bio-inspired approach may have important implications for the future of treatment strategies for diseased aorta.
Highlights
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) is a condition in which the heart fails to circulate enough blood in the vascular networks
Wave dynamics in a compliant tube is mainly dominated by three parameters: (1) fundamental frequency of the waves; (2) wave speed; and (3) the location of reflection sites [10,11,12]
Optimum Heart Rate for Left Ventricle Pulsatile Workload Using an experimental approach, we have shown in Figure 6a and 6b that there is an optimum heart rate (HR) at each stage of aortic rigidity in which the LV external pulsatile power (LV pulsatile workload) is minimized
Summary
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) is a condition in which the heart fails to circulate enough blood in the vascular networks. Wave dynamics in the aorta and arterial network is determined by heart rate (HR), pulse wave velocity (PWV), and reflection sites. The interplay among these three parameters defines a wave dynamics condition where the pulsatile workload on the heart is minimized. Using a simplified computational model of the aorta we have previously shown the interplay among these wave dynamic parameters results in an optimum HR in which the pulsatile workload is minimized [13]. Our main objective in this manuscript is to introduce a bio-inspired approach to reduce the pulsatile workload In this manuscript, we present validation of the finding of our previous computational study (the optimum HR concept) using an in-vitro experimental approach
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