Abstract
AbstractA bilinear shell element is presented. The element is based on the concepts of laminas and fibres. A cross‐reduced integration technique is used to carry out the element integration. In this reduced integration technique, the Gauss points are chosen both on the reference lamina and along the central fibre. Spurious shear strains are averaged on the reference lamina to solve the shear locking problem and to eliminate any zero‐energy mode associated with the rotational degrees of freedom. Due to the integration on the reference lamina, zero‐energy modes associated with the translational degrees of freedom can also be removed. The behaviour of the element is examined in several numerical examples with various loading conditions and boundary conditions.
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