A Bilateral, Non-syndromic, Type III Second Branchial Arch Sinus in a Neonate: a Case Report

Ioannis Patoulias,Dimitrios Patoulias,Konstantinos Farmakis,Evangelia Rachmani,Vasileios Rafailidis,Maria Kalogirou

doi:10.14712/18059694.2018.21

Abstract

- in cases of a bilateral second branchial arch sinus, the branchio-oto-renal (BOR) or branchio-otic (BO) syndromes must be excluded; - ultrasound scan can be used for the thorough evaluation of the sinus anatomic course and the relationship with the adjacent anatomic structures; - rompt diagnosis and early therapeutic intervention, even during neonatal period, ensures an uneventful post-operation course.

Highlights

CASE REPORT “Branchia” is the Greek word for gill, and the same word describes the corresponding anatomic structures, due to their resemblance to fish gills
They are most frequently detected between the 14th month and the 7th year of life, while their incidence during neonatal period and infancy accounts for 0.06% of all cases [2] Second branchial sinuses are the most common branchial anomalies and they are usually found unilaterally [2, 3]
Anomalies of the second branchial arch can be found in the anterior-lateral surface of the neck along with the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

Summary

INTRODUCTION

CASE REPORT “Branchia” is the Greek word for gill, and the same word describes the corresponding anatomic structures, due to their resemblance to fish gills. The incidence of second branchial arch deformities accounts for 26–60% of all existing congenital malformations deriving from the branchial apparatus They are most frequently detected between the 14th month and the 7th year of life, while their incidence during neonatal period and infancy accounts for 0.06% of all cases [2] Second branchial sinuses are the most common branchial anomalies (up to 97% of all second branchial apparatus anomalies) and they are usually found unilaterally [2, 3]. Ultrasonography revealed the presence and anatomic course of two branchial sinuses, 1.2–1.3 mm in diameter. They were located subcutaneously, penetrating the platysma, passing between the carotid bifurcations and leading to the peritonsillar fossa (Figure 3). Patient remains asymptomatic without indications of recurrence

DISCUSSION

Findings

Type I II III