Abstract
A virtual laboratory is a growing research topic in chemistry education during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is a promising alternative solution to equip students with laboratory knowledge and skills. A review of the extent of research and publications using virtual laboratories is needed to map the opportunities and challenges on this topic. Therefore, this study reviews bibliometric literature on virtual laboratories in chemistry education. Free VOSviewer and PoP software were used for data mining and mapping. A total of 117 related articles retrieved from the Google Scholar database from 2011 to 2021, selected based on the title and abstract requirements, were used as the source of the review. This study indicated that a virtual laboratory had been developed on various chemical topics such as chemical bonds, chemical equilibrium, and acid-base. Developing virtual laboratories on other topics that involve students as developers by providing STEM projects can be an alternative topic for further research. It is expected that this study provides a mapping of virtual laboratories in chemistry education to better understand the challenges and opportunities of implementing and researching virtual laboratories in chemistry education
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