Abstract
Static ice pressure affects safe operation of hydraulic structures. However, current detection methods are hindered by the following limitations: poor real-time performance and errors owing to the partial pressure of the surrounding wall on traditional electrical resistance strain bellow pressure sensors. We developed a fiber optic sensor with a special pressure bellow to monitor the static ice pressure on hydraulic structures and used the sensor to measure static pressure in laboratory ice growth and melting tests from −30°C to 5°C. The sensor resolution is 0.02 kPa and its sensitivity is 2.74 × 10−4/kPa. The experiments suggest that the static ice pressure peaks twice during ice growth and melting. The first peak appears when the ice temperature drops to −15°C owing to the liquid water to solid ice transition. The second peak appears at 0°C owing to the thermal expansion of the ice during ice melting. The novel fiber optic sensor exhibits stable performance, high resolution, and high sensitivity and it can be used to monitor the static ice pressure during ice growth and melting.
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