Abstract
BackgroundLocal corticosteroid injections are commonly used to improve the short-term symptomatic severity and the functional status of the hands affected by carpal tunnel syndrome. We conducted a systematic review and Bayesian network-meta-analysis to compare the clinical effectiveness of local corticosteroid injections using different injection approaches.MethodsElectronic literature in Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and other sources were searched to identify clinical studies comparing different injection approaches with each other or placebo for carpal tunnel syndrome. Two review authors conducted selection of studies, data extraction, and assessment of risk of bias independently. Random-effects models were used to conduct the pairwise meta-analysis and the Bayesian network meta-analysis.ResultsOverall, 10 studies with 633 patients were included in the systematic review. Among the injection approaches, local corticosteroid injections using the ultrasound-guided in-plane injection (Ulnar-I) approach was the best treatment strategy for clinical response (median OR versus placebo 128.30, 95 % CrI 9.76 to 2299.00), change in symptom severity scale (median MD versus placebo −1.16, 95 % CrI −1.95 to −0.38) , and change in functional status scale (median MD versus placebo −0.74, 95 % CrI −2.00 to 0.52) at short-term follow-up period in the network meta-analysis. Local corticosteroid injections using other injection approaches were better than placebo for clinical response (for the PI approach, median OR versus placebo 8.85, 95 % CrI 3.00 to 33.15; for the DI approach, median OR versus placebo 7.00, 95 % CrI 0.53 to 118.80) , change in symptom severity scale (for the Ulnar-O approach, median MD versus placebo −0.78, 95 % CrI −1.43 to −0.16; for the PI approach, median MD versus placebo −0.58, 95 % CrI −0.95 to −0.22), and change in functional status scale (for the Ulnar-O approach, median MD versus placebo −0.63, 95 % CrI −1.67 to 0.43; for the PI approach, median MD versus placebo −0.46, 95 % CrI −1.11 to 0.21) at short-term follow-up period. The quality of studies is good.ConclusionsAccording to our analyses, the ultrasound-guided in-plane injection (Ulnar-I) approach was the most effective treatment among the injection approaches for carpal tunnel syndrome.
Highlights
Local corticosteroid injections are commonly used to improve the short-term symptomatic severity and the functional status of the hands affected by carpal tunnel syndrome
[1] It results in pain, burning, tingling, or paresthesia in distribution of median nerve distal to the wrist [2, 3] The age distribution is bimodal with first peak in early 50s and second peak at age 75–84 years, and women, especially during pregnancy, are more commonly affected than men [4,5,6]
Change in symptom severity scale These results were provided in six studies with 402 participants [24, 25, 28, 49, 50, 52]. It appeared that local corticosteroid injections using the Ultrasound-guided in-plane injection (Ulnar-I) approach was the most effective among these interventions, followed by local corticosteroid injections using the Ulnar-O
Summary
Local corticosteroid injections are commonly used to improve the short-term symptomatic severity and the functional status of the hands affected by carpal tunnel syndrome. Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common focal peripheral neuropathy caused by compression of the median nerve at the wrist. Carpal tunnel syndrome is a clinical diagnosis supported by specific findings on provocative tests, such as Phalen test or Tinel test [11]. In patients with mild-to-moderate carpal tunnel syndrome, most symptoms will respond to conservative treatment or resolve spontaneously [4]. It is believed that about 34 % of patients with idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome may have spontaneous improvement [13]
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