Abstract
For the past 120 years the Michelson interferometer has served as the standard tool for high precision length measurements. Starting from the very first Michelson interferometer to today’s large-scale gravitational wave observatories, the peak sensitivity of the Michelson interferometer has improved by about 10 orders of magnitude. Advanced gravitational wave detectors, such as Advanced LIGO or Advanced Virgo, will achieve a measurement precision limited by the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, giving rise to the interferometric Standard Quantum Limit for 40 kg test masses. This chapter will give a basic outline of the concepts currently under consideration for surpassing the Standard Quantum Limit.
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