Abstract
Single vehicle type dynamic marginal cost model is extended to multiple vehicle type dynamic one based on time-dependent multiple vehicle type queue analysis at a bottleneck. A dynamic link model is presented to model interactions between cars and trucks, given the link consists of two distinct segments. The first segment is the running segment on which cars (trucks) run at their free-flow speeds and the second segment is the exit queue segment. A car or a truck is assumed to be a point without length. The class-specific pi parameter is used to transform the effect of truck into passenger car equivalents, so the exit flow of cars and trucks can be calculated according to the exit capacity of a bottleneck. The analytic expression of multiple vehicle type dynamic marginal cost function is deduced under congested and uncongested conditions. Then a heuristic algorithm is presented in solving multiple vehicle type dynamic queues, tolls under system optimum and user equilibrium conditions. The numerical example illustrates the simplicity and applicability of the proposed approach.
Highlights
The congestion pricing method to reduce traffic congestion has attracted the attention in many countries
Single vehicle type dynamic marginal cost model is extended to multiple vehicle type dynamic one based on time-dependent multiple vehicle type queue analysis at a bottleneck
The implementation of congestion pricing policy faces an important issue in estimating the toll of different user types that differences among multiple user types result in the different externalities in terms of congestion and pollution emissions
Summary
The congestion pricing method to reduce traffic congestion has attracted the attention in many countries. Holgun et al used a micro-simulation method in modelling the interactions of different vehicle types to estimate the valuation of externalities such as congestion, pavement deterioration, and environmental impacts to compute optimal tolls for multi-class traffic [6]. Li et al presented a multiple vehicle type dynamic marginal travel cost model in considering departure time choices [11]. In this paper, following the work of Li et al in [11], a new analytical dynamic marginal cost function is given without considering the departure time choices. It is proved that optimal tolls for trucks are higher than those for cars; the reasons for traffic congestion reduced by congestion pricing method without departure time choices is analyzed under traffic conditions with multiple vehicle types. An analytical multiple vehicle type dynamic marginal cost function is presented under uncongested and congested conditions. A simple heuristic algorithm is given in calculating multiple vehicle type dynamic tolls and the example is used to analyze the properties of the model
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