Abstract
In this paper, an offline bandwidth and frequency calibration method for an on–off LC oscillator-based ultra-wideband impulse radio (UWB-IR) transmitter is presented. Implemented in 0.18-[Formula: see text]m CMOS, the offline calibration circuits consume very little power. This allows the transmitter to consume an ultra-low average power of 319[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]W over 3–5[Formula: see text]GHz at 2[Formula: see text]Mbps. The calibration is critical to ensure the FCC spectral mask compliance despite the process–voltage–temperature (PVT) variations. The transmitter can deliver a large differential output swing of 1.8–3[Formula: see text]V to a 100-[Formula: see text] load with minimal power efficiency of 7% at different data rates (2–30[Formula: see text]Mbps). It is suitable for WPAN application with localization and positioning capabilities.
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