A 5-year Retrospective Study of Burn Injury at Tarakan Regional General Hospital Jakarta

Abstract

Introduction: Burn patients deserve more attention because of their high morbidity and mortality rates. According to the World Health Organization, approximately 180.000 deaths per year are associated with burns. We aim to obtain the characteristics of burn patients at Tarakan Regional General Hospital Jakarta as a type A referral center hospital from 2018 to 2022 to examine patient trends, provide appropriate services for burn patients, and reduce the rate of poor quality of life caused by disability and death. Methods: A cross-sectional method with descriptive study was used. Medical records of patients with burns admitted to Tarakan regional general hospital Jakarta between January 2018 and September 2022 were evaluated. 191 burn patients were reviewed based on age, sex, total burn surface area, burn degrees, etiology, intervention, and discharge status. Results: The total number of burn patients at the Tarakan hospital Jakarta from 2018 - 2022 was 191, with an increase of 248% from 2018 to 2022. With a gender ratio of 1.03:1, 97 subjects were male, and 94 were female. Most patients have dominated with adults as much as 80.1%. The highest incidence of burns is due to gas explosions, with a total area of burn injury at 21-30% TBSA occurring at 40.84%, and most burns ensue in the second degree as much as 59.69%. In the age group under 18 years, 73,05% of the common cause of burns is scald. The most extensive burns occur on 10-20% of the body surface area, and 73.68% of subjects suffer from second-degree burns. Debridement and wound dressing were done in the operating room on average four times per patient. The mortality rate in Tarakan Regional Hospital is 2.6% due to > 40% TBSA burns. Conclusion: Burn injury patients at Tarakan regional hospital Jakarta from 2018 to 2022 have increased, with gas explosions being the most common cause in the adult age group while in the children group by scald. Third-degree burns cause most deaths. According to these results, the proper facilities and infrastructure at hospitals in Jakarta may also improve the quality of treatment for burn patients.