Abstract
The terahertz (THz) frequency range is loosely defined as that above millimeter-wave and below the far infra-red regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. The THz frequency region has historically been neglected due to a lack of cost effective high performance components; the frequencies are too high for conventional electronic components and too low for conventional laser sources. THz frequencies pose problems for researchers in both the optical and electronics domains. Realising THz components using conventional electronic techniques is difficult due to limitations in the frequency at which conventional charge carriers can oscillate. A mechanism by which electromagnetic waves are absorbed is the transfer of energy from the wave to structures in a medium which oscillate at the frequency of the electromagnetic wave. A range of molecular vibrations and rotations lie within the THz frequency range. Finally, THz shares with the lower frequency mm-wave and microwaves the ability to penetrate through a range of materials.
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