A-50 A Review of the Dangers of Misdiagnosing Concussions as Depression

Abstract

Abstract Purpose Underrepresentation of concussion diagnoses is of increasing concern for the health and wellbeing of young athletes. Similarly, there is increased attention on the mental health of student athletes. Less addressed, however, is potential for misdiagnosis between these concerns. This literature review explains the underpinnings of the potential misinterpretation of concussion symptoms under the guise of depression. Methods Peer reviewed studies published within the last 25 years were included in this review. Specific statistics referring to current high school and collegiate athletes included peer reviewed articles from 2020-2023. Results Depression and concussions are correlated, further, experiencing TBI and concussion puts an individual at increased risk for developing depression. Additionally, many symptoms of concussion overlap with diagnostic criteria for depression such as: fatigue, suicidal ideation, anhedonia, sleep difficulties, and low mood. The risk of misdiagnosis of depression in concussed athletes is apparent. However, no known study has demonstrated the rate of this misdiagnosis. Treatment for concussion recovery and depression management is fundamentally different, which calls for accurate differentiation between the occurrence of depressive symptoms and head trauma induced symptoms. Conclusions Future research regarding affordable and accessible methods to differentiate depression from concussion will help reduce the chances of misdiagnosis. Understanding the considerable overlap in symptomatology and importance of recognizing both concussion when it occurs as well as depression is essential for individuals working with student athletes. Improved education for high school and college coaches and athletes, along with clinicians and physicians is a key component in this change.