A 3-year prospective randomized clinical trial of alveolar bone crest response and clinical parameters through 1, 2, and 3\xa0years of clinical function of implants placed 4 months after alveolar ridge preservation using two different allogeneic bone-grafting materials

Önder Solakoğlu,Werner Götz,Sertan Ergun,Heidi Schwarzenbach,Guido Heydecke,Duygu Ofluoğlu,Daniel Reißmann

doi:10.1186/s40729-022-00402-w

Abstract

PurposeThe aim of this study was to longitudinally evaluate changes in alveolar bone crest (ABC) levels and differences in resorption rates (RR) between the tested grafting materials following alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) after tooth extraction after 1, 2, and 3 years (T1–T8) of clinical function.MethodsPatients were randomly assigned to two different bone allografts (group 1 maxgraft®, group 2 Puros®) for ARP. Non-restorable teeth were minimal traumatically extracted. Sockets were augmented with the tested materials and covered with a pericardium membrane. After 4 months of healing, 36 implants were placed and sites were clinically and radiographically monitored in the mesial (ABC-M), the distal (ABC-D, T1–T8), the bucco-lingual (ABC-BL), buccal (ABC-B) and oral (ABC-O) aspect (T1–T4).ResultsChanges in (ABC-M), (ABC-D), (ABC-BL), (ABC-B), and (ABC-O) levels showed statistically highly significant differences between T1 and T2 for both bone allografts (p < 0.001). Changes at the ABC-M and ABC-BL levels between T2 and T3 of group 1 showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). Both groups achieved and maintained increased ABC levels without statistically significant differences throughout the monitoring periods of 1–3 years (T6–T8) of clinical function. No failures or adverse events were observed.ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, this study is within its limitations the first study to directly compare ABC-changes and differences in RR of two different allogeneic grafting materials for a period of 3 years after ARP. It was demonstrated to be, despite significant differences in RR, a successful method of preserving increased ABC levels through 1, 2, and 3 years of clinical function.Trial registration DRKS00013010, registered 07/30/2018, http://apps.who.int/trialsearch

Highlights

Alveolar bone is maintained by the presence of teeth in the jaw
To the best of our knowledge, this study is within its limitations the first study to directly compare alveolar bone crest (ABC)-changes and differences in resorption rates (RR) of two different allogeneic grafting materials for a period of 3 years after alveolar ridge preservation (ARP)
In the present Randomized controlled trial (RCT), we longitudinally evaluated over a period of 3 years of clinical functioning alveolar bone crest (ABC) levels around dental implants and adjacent teeth using radiographic reference points at the mesial (ABC-M) and at the distal (ABC-D) aspects at eight different time points (T1–T8)

Summary

Introduction

Alveolar bone is maintained by the presence of teeth in the jaw. Stimulation to the supporting jawbone provided by tooth roots during function helps preserving alveolar ridge dimensions in accordance with Wolff ’s law [1, 2]. Numerous factors can exacerbate the resorption process, such as the cause of tooth failure for example following an inflammatory process like periodontal disease or an endodontic complication, the degree of extraction trauma, the location of the defect site, bone density, the presence of metabolic diseases, and the type of prosthesis used to restore the missing dentition [8, 10,11,12,13,14] These three-dimensional changes can lead to difficulties in implant positioning, resulting in esthetic compromises or even an impossibility of implant placement

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