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Abstract
This paper proposes a structure of the μ W RF energy harvesting (RFEH) system that is used for scavenging RF power from an ambient environment. A cross-coupled rectifier (CCR) with floating sub-circuit structures was utilized in the application of dynamic threshold MOSFET (DTMOS) on Silicon on Thin Buried Oxide (SOTB) to obtain high drain conductance of the MOSFET. A wide bandwidth matching between antenna and rectifier was designed to receive energy from the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) RF signal with a bandwidth of 15 MHz at 950 MHz band. Realistic measurements with a 950 MHz LTE mobile phone signal from the ambient environment indicate that an average DC output power of 2.77 μ W is harvested with the proposed RFEH system at a level of −19.4 dBm input power. The proposed RFEH system exhibits the best performance when compared to that of other realistic RFEH systems and is a potential candidate for battery-less Internet of Things (IoT) applications.
Highlights
Energy harvesting (EH) has attracted a considerable amount of attention because it is an essential solution to eliminate the need for a battery in Internet of Things (IoT) applications [1].An energy harvesting (EH) system harvests energy from an ambient source and converts this energy into DC power that is supplied for a sensor node
To harvest the LTE signal, we proposed the structure of the RF energy harvesting (RFEH) system comprising a high drain conductance rectifier and a wide BW matching between antenna and rectifier
We proved the amount of DC voltage level-up obtained from floating sub-circuit driving to dynamic threshold MOSFET (DTMOS) leads to an increase in drain current
Summary
Energy harvesting (EH) has attracted a considerable amount of attention because it is an essential solution to eliminate the need for a battery in Internet of Things (IoT) applications [1]. In [3], measurement results showed that the median power value of a digital TV signal was −38 dBm, and that of a mobile phone signal was −25 dBm. In [4,5,6,7,8], the RFEH systems were designed and tested in real ambient environments at an μW level range. The low input power of the RF signal leads to difficulties in the design of the rectifier circuit. In this case, the RF level is lower than the threshold voltage (Vth ) of the rectified components, resulting in significant decreases in power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the system. Based on the properties of the RF signal in the environment, including low level modulated LTE signals, the structure of the RFEH system was proposed.
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