Abstract
The prevalence of obesity among women of reproductive age is growing significantly over the last years. Being obese or having a high body mass index (BMI) contributes to many diseases and pregnancy complications. This is concerning as an obese woman is at increased risk for developing several complications during pregnancy and is at increased risk for pregnancy loss, stillbirth, and metabolic disorders of a live-born child in his future. The pregnant woman's body mass index has to be monitored well during the whole pregnancy, and their diet should also be monitored to avoid future complications. Better results can be achieved if every woman would watch their weight before being pregnant for better outcomes in their future pregnancies. This review article aimed to determine the relationship between being obese or having a high BMI and pregnancy loss. Additionally, we tried to find the mechanism that is involved in pregnancy loss in obese women.
Highlights
Background“We want every pregnancy to have a happy ending” [1]
Since obesity and overweight among women are increased nowadays, our focus of this review is to evaluate the association between maternal obesity and the risk of pregnancy loss
Based on the above review study, there is a clear relationship between obesity and pregnancy loss, revealed from several studies
Summary
“We want every pregnancy to have a happy ending” [1]. But it is estimated that as many as 26% of all pregnancies end in miscarriage and up to 10% of clinically recognized pregnancies [2]. A meta-analysis of 16 studies done in 2008 demonstrated that a body mass index (BMI) higher than 25 was strongly associated with a nearly 70 % increased odds of spontaneous pregnancy loss after spontaneous or assisted conception [5]. When considering mechanisms that could influence early pregnancy loss among obese women, it is conceivable that obesity’s effects on the oocyte or embryo could affect the embryo’s potential for development; obesity may negatively influence the endometrium, influencing the risk of miscarriage [15]. To compare the incidence of spontaneous miscarriage in women with moderate to severe obesity to that in women with a normal BMI, a prospective cohort study was done by O'Dwyer et al by sonographic confirmation of the fetal heart rate in the first trimester [26].
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